DNA Repair Genes

A Table of the so far

identified Human DNA Repair

Genes

Gene Name (synonyms)
linked to the GeneCards UK Mirror at Cancer Research UK

Activity
linked to OMIM

Chromosome location
linked to NCBI MapView

Accession number
linked to NCBI Entrez

 

Base excision repair (BER)

DNA glycosylases: major altered base released

 

UNG

U

12q24.11

NM_080911

SMUG1

U

12q13.13

NM_014311

MBD4

U or T opposite G at CpG sequences

3q21.3

NM_003925

TDG

U, T or ethenoC opposite G

12q23.3

NM_003211

OGG1

8-oxoG opposite C

3p25.3

NM_016821

MUTYH (MYH)

A opposite 8-oxoG

1p34.1

NM_012222

NTHL1 (NTH1)

Ring-saturated or fragmented pyrimidines

16p13.3

NM_002528

MPG

3-meA, ethenoA, hypoxanthine

16p13.3

NM_002434

NEIL1

Removes thymine glycol

15q24.2

NM_024608

NEIL2

Removes oxidative products of pyrimidines

8p23.1

NM_145043

 

 

Other BER factors

 

APEX1

AP endonuclease

14q11.2

NM_001641

APEX2

AP endonuclease

Xp11.21

NM_014481

LIG3

DNA Ligase

17q12

NM_013975

XRCC1

Ligase accessory factor

19q13.31

NM_006297

PNKP

Converts some DNA breaks to ligatable ends

19q13.33

NM_007254

 

 

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes

 

PARP1 (ADPRT)

Protects strand interruptions

1q42.12

NM_001618

PARP2 (ADPRTL2)

PARP-like enzyme

14q11.2

NM_005484

 

Direct reversal of damage

 

MGMT

O6-meG alkyltransferase

10q26.3

NM_002412

MGC90512 (ABH2)

1-meA dioxygenase

12q24.11

NM_001001655

DEPC-1 (ABH3)

1-meA dioxygenase

11p11.2

NM_139178

 

Repair of DNA-protein crosslinks

 

TDP1

Removes covalently bound TOP1-DNA complexes

14q32.11

NM_018319

 

Mismatch excision repair (MMR)

 

MSH2

Mismatch and loop recognition
MSH2, MSH3, MSH6

2p21

NM_000251

MSH3

5q14.1

NM_002439

MSH6

2p16.3

NM_000179

MSH4

MutS homologs specialized for meiosis
MSH4, MSH5

1p31.1

NM_002440

MSH5

6p21.33

NM_002441

PMS1

MutL homolog

2q32.2

NM_000534

MLH1

MutL homologs, forming heterodimer
MLH1, PMS2

3p22.3/A>

NM_000249

PMS2

7p22.1

NM_000535

MLH3

MutL homologs of unknown function
MLH3, PMS2L3, PMS2L4

14q24.3

NM_014381

PMS2L3

7q11.23

D38437

PMS2L4 (PMS6)

7q11.21

D38500

 

Nucleotide excision repair (NER)

(XP = xeroderma pigmentosum)

 

XPC

Binds damaged DNA as complex
XPC, RAD23B, CETN2

3p25.1

NM_004628

RAD23B (HR23B)

9q31.2

NM_002874

CETN2

Xq28

NM_004344

RAD23A (HR23A)

Substitutes for HR23B

19p13.13

NM_005053

XPA

Binds damaged DNA in preincision complex

9q22.33

NM_000380

RPA1

Binds DNA in preincision complex
RPA1, RPA2, RPA3

17p13.3

NM_002945

RPA2

1p35.3

NM_002946

RPA3

7p21.3

NM_002947

TFIIH

Catalyzes unwinding in preincision complex

 

ERCC3 (XPB)

3' to 5' DNA helicase

2q14.3

NM_000122

ERCC2 (XPD)

5' to 3' DNA helicase

19q13.32

NM_000400

GTF2H1

Core TFIIH subunit p62

11p15.1

NM_005316

GTF2H2

Core TFIIH subunit p44

5q13.2

NM_001515

GTF2H3

Core TFIIH subunit p34

12q24.31

NM_001516

GTF2H4

Core TFIIH subunit p52

6p21.33

NM_001517

GTF2H5 (TTDA)

Core TFIIH subunit p8

6p25.3

NM_207118

CDK7

Kinase subunits of TFIIH
CDK7, CCNH, MNAT1

5q13.2

NM_001799

CCNH

5q14.3

NM_001239

MNAT1

14q23.1

NM_002431

 

ERCC5 (XPG)

3' incision

13q33.1

NM_000123

ERCC1

5' incision subunit

19q13.32

NM_001983

ERCC4 (XPF)

5' incision subunit

16p13.12

NM_005236

LIG1

DNA joining

19q13.32

NM_000234

Articles

  • I think it might be worth defining on this site (just so there is no confusion) what exactly the science of Gerontology is.

    The subject known as Gerontology is the study of the process of aging throughout the lifespan of an individual. This multi-disciplinary subject analyses a variety of aspects of aging, including the physical, mental and social changes in individuals as they grow older. Professionals from a variety of diverse, but interconnected fields are known collectively as gerontologists.

    Gerontology covers such varied subjects as the effects of our aging population on society, including the financial effects of pensions, health insurance and retirement planning. How society itself views the elderly is also encompassed in this field.

    Gerontology distinguishes itself from geriatrics, the branch of medicine that studies the diseases of the old.

    12:18 10 October 2007
  • There are several other ways that are being looked into that may offer may anti-aging/life extension benefits that have not been mentioned as yet. IGF-1 has shown to be extraordinarily effective in reversing the aging process (up to 10X more effective than HGH). Resveratrol (found in red grape skins and hence red wine) has shown much promise in many studies; to the extent that several MIT researches doing one of the studies started supplimenting with it. Folate and B12 taken daily over a few months has been shown to drastically reduce the damage/mutation that can occur to DNA.

    With regard to calorie restriction Many studies suggest that it is not infact the calorie restriction as previously thought but rather maintaining low insulin levels, which happens to be a by product. So it is as much about what you eat as how much you eat. You could still each 3000 calories a day as long as they were from foods that didnt spike your insulin levels and mess with your insulin sensetivity ie not eating many simple carbohydrates etc

    There is also the energetic side of body or life force or call it what you will that when boosted has been shown to reverse chronic illness and aging with no form of supplements etc. Most of the centurian populations like the hunza etc incorporated some sort of meditation or practice that maintained their life force either knowingly or otherwise along with a good diet, exercise, sun etc and low stress.

    On a final note the human body is so remarkable and truely an amazing creation and we are still only so limited in our understanding of it and how it really works that rather than mess with it and start trying to fix or add this or that or think we can make part of it better we should instead address the cause of most of these problems. We drive ourselves and our bodies into the ground eat rubbish etc and program ourselve with mindless entertainment and wonder why we are falling apart and expect to be able to take a few pills and make it all better.

    We are creating and living in a society that is becoming void of any real sustanance whether it be nutritional, emotional or intellecutal. I am not pretending that i have all the answers but i know that if we keep heading in this direction i wouldnt want to live forever even if it were possible. What you do with your life is probably more important than how long it is. In any case given the right environment the body will flourish and the fact that it is still doing as well as it is despite what it is now subjected to is nothing more than a testement to how great it actually is.

    Rhonda Watson

    12:07 17 September 2007